Migratory Pollinators Program

Table 3.
Plants visited by hummingbirds in Sonora

Family Scientific Name Common Name Form  Type Flower Color Flowering Time Hummingbird(s) (Source)

Acanthaceae

Anisacanthus andersonii

Limita

SH

R

Feb-Apr

BBLH, BEHU, RUHU, VCHU, WEHU(1)

 

Anisacanthus thurberi

Desert honeysuckle

SH

RO-O

Jan-Apr

COHU, RUHU(1,2)

 

Justicia californica

Chuparrosa

SH

R-O

(Oct)Feb-Apr

COHU(1), RUHU(4)

 

Justicia candicans

Rama del toro/chuparrosa

SS

R

Nov-Apr

BBLH, COHU, WEHU(1)

 

Ruellia californica

Rama parda

SS

PU

Dec-Mar (Sept)

COHU(14)

 

Tetramerium abditum

Rama del toro

SS

RO

(Jan)Feb-Apr (May)

BBLH(1)

Agavaceae

Agave palmeri

Agave; maguey

RS

R-Y

Jul-Aug

BCHU(1)

 

Agave shrevei

Agave; lechuguilla ceniza

RS

LG-PY

Aug-Sept

BCHU, COHU, RUHU, WEHU(1)

 

Agave vivipara

Agave; mezcal, maguey

RS

Y

Mar

COHU, RUHU(1)

Agavaceae

Agave sp.

Agave/maguey

RS

Y

 

LUHU(7), MAHU(3)

Apocynaceae

Mandevilla foliosa

Hierba del piojo

SS

Y

Jun-Aug

BBLH, BCHU, BEHU, RUHU, VCHU, WEHU(1,7)

 

Nerium oleander

Oleander; laurel

CSH

W, P

Feb-Oct

BBLH, VCHU(1)

 

Thevetia peruviana

Yellow oleander

CSH

PE

Mar-May

BBLH(1)

Asclepiadaceae

Asclepias curassavica

Bloodflower milkweed; hierba de la cucaracha

CPH

R

Dec-May, Aug

BBLH(1)

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens balsamina

Impatiens

CH

Var

Sept

MAHU(1)

Bignoniaceae

Campsis radicans

Trumpet creeper; corneta

CPV

R

Jul-Aug

BBLH, BCHU(1)

 

Tabebuia impetiginosa

Amapa

 

P-PU

Jan-Apr

BBLH, VCHU(1)

 

Tecomaria capensis

Cape honeysuckle; bignonia

CPH

RO

Fall, spring

BBLH(1)

 

Tecoma stans

Trumpet flower; gloria, lluvia de oro, palo de arco

CTS

Y

 

BBLH(1)

Cactaceae

Carnegiea gigantea

Saguaro

TC

W

Apr-May

BBLH, COHU, RUHU(10)

 

Echinocereus sp.

Hedgehog cactus/choyita

HC

R, RO

May

BTLH(3)

 

Opuntia karwinskiana

Red prickly pear; nopal

CPP

R

Feb-Mar

BBLH, VCHU(1)

 

Opuntia ficus-indica

Tree prickly pear; nopal de castilla/tuna

CPP

Y

Apr-May

BBLH(1)

 

Opuntia  fulgida

Chainfruit cholla; choya

STS

RS

(Apr)May-Aug

COHU(13)

 

Opuntia gosseliniana

Purple prickly pear; duraznilla

PP

Y

Apr-Jun

BBLH(1)

 

Opuntia thurberi

Cholla; siviri

STS

Y

Jan-May

COHU(1)

 

Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum

Etcho

TC

W

Dec-Apr

(2)

 

Pachycereus pringlei

Card�n

TC

W

Apr-Jun

BBLH, COHU, RUHU(8)

Cactaceae

Stenocereus alamosensis

Galloping cactus; sina

SC

R

Mar-May

BBLH, COHU(1,10)

 

Stenocereus thurberi

Organpipe cactus; pitahaya

TC/SC

R/W

(Mar)Apr-Jul(Dec)

BBLH, COHU, RUHU(1, 9)

Campanulaceae

Lobelia cardinalis

Cardinal flower

PH

R

Apr-Sept

RUHU, WEHU(1)

 

Lobelia laxiflora

Bellflower

PH

R,Y

Mar-Jun

BBLH, BTLH, RUHU(1), BLUH, BTLH, MAHU(3)

Capparaceae

Cleome isomeris

Bladderpod

 

Y

Feb-Mar (fall)

ANHU(1)

 

Wislizenia refracta

Jackass clover

 

Y

 

RUHU(15)

Caprifoliaceae

Sambucus nigra cerulea

Mexican elderberry, sauco

TR

W

Warm season

(15)

Compositae

Bidens sambucifolia

Tost�n

SUH

O

Sept-Mar

BBLH(1)

 

Centaurea rothrockii

Madrean starthistle;; cardo

PH

PU, W

Aug-Sept

BLUH, RUHU, WEHU(1)

 

Cosmos sulfureus

Tost�n

SUH

O

Sept-Dec

(14)

 

Dianthus caryophyllus

Carnation; clavel

CH

R

Sept

MAHU(1)

 

Stevia plummerae

 

PH/SS

W,LP

Jul-Oct

BEHU(1)

 

Verbesina felgeri

 

SH

Y

Various times

ANHU, BBLH(1)

 

Zinnia peruviana

Wild zinnia; india

AH

R

Jul-Oct

BBLH, BEHU, VCHU(1)

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea arborescens

Tree morning glory; palo blanco/santo

TR

W

(Oct)Nov-Mar (Apr)

ANHU, BBLH, BEHU, COHU, PCST, VCHU, WEHU(1)

 

Ipomoea bracteata

Wild j�cama

WV

PU,P,F

(Dec) Jan-May

BBLH, BEHU, RUHU(1)

 

Ipomoea parasitica

Morning glory, trompillo

HV

PU

Sept

BBLH(1)

 

Merremia palmeri

Morning glory vine; trompillo

PV

W

Most months

BBLH, COHU(1)

Convolvulaceae

Operculina pteripes

Morning glory vine; trompillo

PV

Sal-

mon

Jul-Oct

BBLH(1)

Ericaceae

Arbutus xalapensis

Madrone; madro�o

TR

GW

Mar-Apr

BLUH, WEHU(1)

 

Arctostaphylos pungens

Manzanita; manzanilla

SH

W/P

Mar(May)

BTLH(3), WEHU(1)

Euphorbiaceae

Ricinus communis

Castor bean, higuerilla

H,S,T

R

July

BBLH(1)

Fouquieriaceae

Fouquieria diguetii

Palo ad�n

TS

R

Feb-May

BBLH, RUHU(1), COHU(1,5)

 

Fouquieria macdougalii

Tree ocotillo

TS

R

Feb-Mar, Jul-Oct

ANHU, BBLH, COHU, RUHU, VCHU(1), COHU(5)

 

Fouquieria splendens

Ocotillo

SH

R

Mar-May (Oct)

BBLH, COHU, RUHU(1,4), BBLH(9), COHU(6)

Grossulariaceae

Ribes dugesii

Gooseberry

SH

PU

Feb-Mar

WEHU(1)

Iridaceae

Gladiolus sp.

Gladiola

CPH

R

Aug-Sept

WEHU(1)

Labiatae

Monarda citriodora austromontana

Bee balm; or�gano del buro

PH

W/PU

Jul-Oct

BCHU(1)

 

Salvia betulaefolia

Maycoba sage

SH

R

Aug-Sept

BCHU(1)

 

Salvia elegans

Pineapple sage

SS

R

Mar-Oct

BBLH, BCHU, BEHU, RUHU, VCHU, WEHU(1)

 

Salvia microphylla

Burgandy sage

SS

M

Aug-Nov

BCHU, BEHU(1)

 

Stachys coccinea

Texas betony

PH

R

Mar-Oct

ANHU, BBLH, BCHU, BEHU, BLUH, BTLH, COHU, MAHU, RUHU, VCHU, WEHU(1)

Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae

 

Bauhinia variegata

 

Orchard tree; orqu�dea

 

CTR

 

PU

 

mid-winter-spring

 

BBLH(1)

 

Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Mexican red bird-of-paradise; tabach�n

SH

R, Y

Mar-Sept

BBLH(1,2,7,8)

 

Delonyx regis

Royal poinciana; �rbol del fuego, tabach�n

CTR

R

Warm season

ANHU, BBLH, BCHU, COHU(12)

 

Haematoxylum brasiletto

Brasil

TR

Y

Apr-Oct

BBLH(1)

Leguminosae: Mimosoideae

 

Havardia mexicana

 

Palo chino

 

TR

 

W

 

Jan-Apr

 

BBLH, COHU, RUHU, VCHU(1)

 

Parkinsonia microphylla

Foothills paloverde

TR

Y

(Feb)Mar-May

COHU(5,11)

 

Prosopis glandulosa

Honey mesquite; mezquite

TS

Y

Mar-Aug

COHU(1,9), RUHU(1)

Leguminosae: Papilionoideae

 

Cologania.augustifolia

 

Pea vine; frijol

 

AV

 

P

 

Jun-Sept

 

BEHU(1)

 

Coursetia glandulosa

Samo, s�mota

TS

W,Y,P

Jan-May

BBLH(1)

 

Olneya tesota

Ironwood; palo fierro

TS

L-PU

(Mar)Apr-May (Jun)

COHU(9)

 

Robinia neomexicana

New Mexican locust

SH

W-PU

May-Jul

BTLH(3)

Liliaceae

Canna indica

Canna lily; perico sencillo, cuenta

CPH

R

Mar

BBLH(1)

 

Hemerocallis fulva

Lily; lirio

CPH

Y

Sept

(14)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lythraceae

Cuphea llavea

Bat-faced monkeyflower; perrito colorado

PH

R, PU

(Jun) Aug-Sept (Nov)

BEHU, VCHU(1)

Malpighiaceae

Callaeum macropterum

Gallinitas, batanene

WV

Y

Most of the year

BBLH, COHU(1)

Malvaceae

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Hibiscus; obelisco

CSH

R

mid-spring-fall

BBLH(1)

 

Hibiscus syriacus

Bibsca, obelisco

CSH

L, P

Aug-Sept

BCHU(1)

 

Kosteletzkya thurberi

Obelisco

SH

P

Sept-Oct

BLHU(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Musaceae

Musa paradisiaca

Banaana, pl�tano

CH

R

 

(14)

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus globosus

Eucalyptus, eucalypto

CTR

W

Oct

ANHU(1,8)

 

Lagerstroemia indica

Crepe myrtle; atmosf�rica

CSH

L, var

 

(14)

Nyctaginaceae

Bougainvillea spectabilis

Bougainvillea; bugambilia

C-

WV

M, W,

vars.

Feb-Apr

ANHU, BBLH, VCHU(1)

Polemoniaceae

Ipomopsis thurberi

Purple starflower

PH

PU

Aug-Oct

RUHU(1)

Polygonaceae

Antigonon leptopus

Queen's wreath; sanmiguelito

PV

P,R

Aug-Apr

BBLH, RUHU(1)

Rosaceae

Punica granatum

Pomegranate, granada

CSH

R

 

(14)

 

Rosa sp.

Rose; rosal

CSH

P

Spring and later

ANHU, BBLH, BCHU, MAHU, WEHU(1)

Rubiaceae

Bouvardia ternifolia

Scarlet bouvardia; cigarrito, chuparrosa

SH

R

 

RUHU, VCHU(1,2)

Scrophulariaceae

Antirrhinum majus

Snapdragon, perritos

C-

AH

Y

 

BEHU, WEHU(1)

 

Castilleja patriotica

Indian paintbrush; periquito, perico

PPH

RO, Y

Jul-Oct

BCHU, BTLH, RUHU, VCHU, WEHU(1)

Scrophulariaceae

Castilleja tenuiflora

Indian paintbrush; periquito, perico

PPH

R, RO, Y

Feb-Oct

WEHU(1)

 

Penstemon parryi

Parry penstemon; varita de San Jos�, pichelitos

PH

P-PU

Spring

BBLH(1), COHU(5)

 

Penstemon pseudospectabilis

Mohave beardtongue

PH

P-RS/PU

Feb-May

COHU, RUHU(4)

 

Tecoma stans stans

Yellow trumpet bush; lluvia de oro, caballito, gloria

CTS

Y

Warm part of year

BBLH(1)

Solanaceae

Lycium andersonii

Wolfberry; cacaculo, manzanita

SH

W

Feb-Apr, Aug-Oct

BBLH(1)

 

Lycium berlandieri

Wolfberry; huichutilla

SH

W, L

Feb-Nov

COHU(5)

 

Nicotiana glauca

Tree tobacco; juanloco

ISH

Y-G

All year

ANHU, BBLH, BCHU, BEHU, BLUH, COHU, MAHU, RUHU, VCHU, WEHU(1), BBLH, RUHU(7), BLUH, MAHU(3)

 

Petunia violacea

Petunia

CH

Var

Warm part of year

(14)

 

Solanum seaforthianum

Bell�sima

CPV

PU, W

Most of the year

(14)

Tropaeoliaceae

Tropaeolium majus

Nasturtium; mastuerzo

CH

Y, O

Mar, Sept

MAHU, RUHU(1)

Verbenaceae

Lantana camara

Lantana; confitur�a negra

SH

Y,RO,

P

 

(14)

Vitex mollis

Uvalama

TR

L

Mar-Jul

BBLH, BCHU, COHU(1)

Based on (1) our observations in 2000-2001 and Y�cora Christmas bird counts (Jack Whetstone, pers. comm., 2000), (2) Gentry (1942), (3) Marshall (1957), (4) Calder (1993), (5) Baltosser and Scott (1996), (6) Russell and Monson (1998), (7) Powers and Wethington (1999), (8) Johnsgard (1997), (9) Ted Fleming (pers. comm., 2000), (10) Francisco Molina F. (pers. comm., 2001), (11) Reyna Castillo G. (pers. comm., 2001), (12) Eduardo G�mez L. (pers. comm., 2001), (13) Roberto Morales B. (pers. comm., 2001), (14) Alicia Carrillo (pers. comm., 2001), and (15) Lin Piest (pers. Comm., 2001). 

Flower color and flowering times from Martin et al. (1998), Van Devender and Reina G.'s personal collection database, and data from herbarium specimen labels.

Life forms/types
AH = annual herb, AV = annual vine, C = cultivated, H = herb, HC = hedgehog cactus, HV = herbaceous vine, I = introduced, P = parasitic, PAH = perrenial/annual herb, PH = perennial herb, PP = prickly pear, PV = perennial vine, RS = rosette succulent, SC = shrub cactus, SH = shrub, SS = subshrub, STS = stem succulent, SUH = suffrutescent herb, TC = tree cactus, TR = tree, TS = tree shrub, WP = woody parasite, WV = woody vine. 

Flower colors
BP = blue-purple, C = crimson, CR = cream, F = fuschia, GW = greenish white, L = lavender, LG = light green, LP = lavender pink, M = magenta, O = orange, P = pink, PE = peach, PL = pale lavendar, PU = purple, PY = pale yellow, R = red, RO = red- orange, RS = rose, S = salmon, W = white, Y = yellow, YG = yellow-green. 

Hummingbird abbreviations
ALHU = Allen's hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin)
ANHU = Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna)
BBLH = Broad-billed hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris)
BCHU = Black-chinned hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri)
BEHU = Berylline hummingbird (Amazilia beryllina)
BLHU = Bumblebee hummingbird (Selasphorus heliosa)
BLUH = Blue-throated hummingbird (Lampornis clemenciae)
BTLH = Broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)
CAHU = Calliope hummingbird (Stellula calliope)
CIHU = Cinnamon hummingbird (Amazilia rutila)
COHU = Costa's hummingbird (Calypte costae)
LUHU = Lucifer hummingbird (Calothorax lucifer)
MAHU = Magnificent hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens)
PCST = Plain-capped starthroat (Heliomaster constantii)
RUHU = Rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus)
VCHU = Violet-crowned hummingbird (Amazilia violiceps)
WEHU = White-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis)
XAHU = Xantus hummingbird (Hylocharis xantusii)

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